The arthrosis of the knee joint (gonartrosis, osteoarthritis) is the deformation and destruction of the cartilage, which is accompanied by pain.This condition can lead to a loss of functionality and even disability.The disease more often affects women over the age of 40, in particular inclined to fullness.At a young age, arthrosis occurs due to the injuries received during sport or hard physical work.The disorder can be a side or bilateral if both legs are interested.It is necessary to complete the pathology fully.
The reasons for development
There are two forms of arthrosis of the knee joint, depending on the causes of the disease:
- primary;
- Secondary.
The primary form develops in childhood and is associated with the improper formation of ligaments or joints, which are even more deformed during physical activity.
The secondary form is caused by the reasons described in the table:
| Reasons | Description |
| Injury | Fractures, dislocations, damage to meniscus.These are these factors that contribute to the development of arthrosis at a young age.In the presence of injuries, it becomes impossible to bend and bend the limb.The treatment consists in the temporary fixation of the leg, which worsens the blood circulation process.This becomes the reason for the formation of arthrosis.When a meniscus is removed, the disorders develop in 9 out of 10 cases |
| Increased loads | They must correspond to the age of a person.With excessive loads, microtrauma and elongation occur, which are not always felt, but cause significant damage to the condition of the joints.All movements during sport should be fluid.The knee joints are more amazed during the race and the squats |
| Overweight | This factor causes damage to the meniscus.In full people, the restoration of the knee joint occurs longer, since the additional load with excess weight lies right on the knees.The serious form of arthrosis due to obesity arises in combination with varicose veins |
| The weakness of the binding apparatus | This condition is often combined with mobile joints so called.In this case, a person has a flexible body and can sit on the string without a heat, which leads to microtrauma and therefore to arthrosis, if there are more damage.The mobility of the joints can also be associated with a compromised leg sensitivity, therefore a person does not feel pain against damage |
| Joint diseases | Arthosis often occurs in the presence of arthritis (rheumatoid, reactive or psoriatic).In this case, the accumulation of the synovial fluid in the joint cavity occurs, which leads to the destruction of tissue and arthrosis |
| Violation of metabolic processes | If disorders in the fabric occur, do not receive the minerals and substances necessary.The deficiency of calcium negatively affects the condition of the cartilage.This condition also leads to the deposition of salt |
| Stress | With constant nervous stress and mood changes, a deterioration of blood circulation occurs in the legs, swelling and inflammation occur |
The disease can occur in shape on the side (left or right) or bilateral:
- The injury is the cause of osteoarthritis to one side;
- Obesity - bilateral.
Symptoms
The symptoms of arthrosis of the knee joint differ according to the stage of the disease.The classic order of their occurrence is described in the table:
| Symptom | Description |
| Crash and click on joints | This symptom is often unnoticed, although the creaking indicates the beginning of the process.To determine its presence, you should put your hand on the cup of the knee and fold slowly and strengthen the knee.Crunch or click are quite easy |
| Pain | At the beginning of the degenerative changes, it is almost not evident and intensifies after static loads (weight lifting).The dynamic load, on the contrary, improves cartilage nutrition.The pain is associated with the exposure of nerve endings during the cancellation of the cartilage tissue.With the progression of the disease, pain intensifies, since the inflammatory process and edema also occur.The development of the pronounced inflammation is to report pain that also appears at rest |
| Removal station | This condition usually occurs after night sleep and lasts 30-60 minutes.Fibrina's film is formed during the inaction of the joint and after sleep mechanically prevents its movement until it is partially canceled.The rigidity of the movements that lasts more than an hour indicates another disease |
| Reduce the size of the movements | It manifests itself in the impossibility of bending the leg in the knee until the end.The patient, striving to minimize pain, tries to move the foot less.The ligaments are adjusted to a small volume of movements over time and shorten |
| Increase in the volume of the joint | It occurs due to the swelling of the soft tissues surrounding the articulation and the top -shaped growth along its edge, which, with the progression of the disease, merge into a single array |
| Joint articulation in one location | In this case, the articulation is blocked in a certain position and with any movement causes pain.This occurs due to changes in the joint surface, in which internal ligaments go beyond the natural protrusions of the bones, which leads to its elongation.The joint is set in a certain position and can return to the initial one can only with the inverse ligament ligament.In rare cases, Jamming occurs due to foreign bodies (for example, parts of the meniscus) in the joint gap |
| Dislocation and subluxation | These conditions are found with advanced arthrosis.With a dislocation, the leg axis moves to the side and inserting the joint is quite difficult.Subluxation is associated with the partial movement of the joint surface compared to the normal position.In this case, the pain is pronounced, but the deviation of the lower part of the leg towards light |
Degree and type of disease
There are 3 degrees of diseases that depend on the severity of symptoms.
First
The arthrosis of the 1st degree proceeds almost asymptomatic.In this case, they are characterized by:
- fatigue effort;
- a little pain after the load that passes to rest;
- slight decrease in mobility after sleep;
- Rarely - the accumulation of synovial fluid, which leads to the formation of the cyst of a baker;
Externally, joint deformation is not evident.In X -rays, the disease is not visible or small irregularities are manifested on the cartilage tissue and on the bone surface.Further studies are required without failure.
Second
The symptoms in this case will be more pronounced:
- Pain occurs from the minimum load, but after rest it passes;
- A crunch occurs during movement;
- It becomes impossible to bend the leg;
- The bones of joint change;
- Sinovite progresses;
- The form of the changes of the joint, which is associated with the accumulation of fluid.
In the X -ray, the growth of the bone is evident.
Third
For the arthrosis of the 3rd degree, the characteristics characteristics are:
- pain that is not related to the load (the articulation worries even at night);
- completely disturbed mobility;
- Sensitivity of the articulation to change of time.
The X -ray shows changes in the cartilage and in the surface of the joint.The curvature of the legs leads to disability.
The deforming arthrosis (DOA) is caused by the deposition of bones.Very often, women with excess weight suffer from it.The main symptoms are acute pain and creak in the joint.The treatment should also be started in the initial phase - in this case, the possibility of preserving the cartilage fabric is quite high.
Depending on the location, arthrosis may be:
- knee;
- hip (Coksartrosis);
- cervical;
- shoulder;
- Lota;
- ankle;
- vertebrates.
Complete treatment
The therapy of this disease is quite long.In medicine, there are 3 main phases of the treatment depending on the degree of illness:
| The degree of arthrosis | Therapeutic measures |
| 1st |
|
| 2nd |
|
| 3rd |
|
Medicines
The drugs are based on 3 groups of drugs:
- Non -pounded anti -inflammatory drugs.
- Glucocorticosteroids.
- Condroprotectors.
Fans
This is a group of drugs that have an anti -inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effect.They are divided into two groups:
- Not elegant.The anti -inflammatory effect of the drug occurs on all body tissues, including healthy ones.
- Selective.Act directly on the focus of inflammation.
The most common side effect of these drugs is the formation of ulcers and erosion of the stomach and the intestine at 12 permail.In addition, it is recommended to take funds to protect the mucosa.At the same time, local fans do not cause these negative consequences, therefore they can be used for a long time.
To obtain rapid pain relief and an anti -inflammatory effect, intramuscular injections with NSAIDs are prescribed.
Glucocorticosteroids
These drugs are prescribed if the effect of fans is insufficient.
Hormonal compounds for arthrosis are used only local - in the form of intra -articular ointments or injections.Glucocorticosteroid ointments cannot be used for more than 7-10 days in a row.A longer path leads to the skin of the skin instead of the application.
Intra -articular injections are needed when painkillers and anti -inflammatory effects from fans and ointment with hormones are not sufficient.
The effect of injections in the joint occurs quite quickly: the patient feels relief in the first half hour.The duration of the injection depends on how long the drug will be in the joint cavity.This is influenced by two factors: the volume of the drug administered and its consumption.The stronger the damage to the cartilage, the more the drug is consumed.
Condroprotectors
The mechanism of action of this group of drugs is based on the supply of substances necessary for its restoration to the joint cartilage.During the therapy with Condroprotectors:
- There is no anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect;
- The therapeutic effect gradually occurs;
- It turns out that prevention is due to the prevention of further destruction of the cartilage.
These drugs include substances that form the cartilage of the joint:
- the substance of construction of the cartilage, necessary to maintain its structure;
- The base for the production of intra -articular fluid.
Drugs must be taken for a long time (3-5 months).
Physiotherapy
The physiotherapy of arthrosis is a method of physical influence, which has a beneficial effect on the state of the knee joint.The main condition for obtaining a positive result is the correct choice of the necessary procedures.
Physiotherapy is only an auxiliary tool.
The table describes the procedures used for the arthrosis of the knee joint:
| Name | Effect | The duration of the treatment |
| Electrophoresis using drugs | Under the influence of direct electric current, some drugs can be delivered to the deep tissue of the joint.Anesthetics and chlorine medicines are often prescribed | Half an hour every day for 2 weeks |
| Ultra -fifth | Using ultraviolet waves, the active substances of the drugs penetrate deep into the fabric.Hormonal, anti -inflammatory and painkillers are used together | No more than 10 minutes a day for 10-14 days |
| Laser radiation | Under the influence of the beam of light radiation, specific molecules are activated, contributing to the restoration of metabolic and regenerating processes in the tissue | 7-10 minutes a day for 2 weeks |
| Infrared radiation | The deep heating of the tissues occurs, following which substances are formed that launch recovery reactions into the joint | 10 minutes.The course of treatment - 1 week |
| Impulsive magnetotherapy | Under the influence of a high frequency magnetic field, changes in cells and tissues occur: the membranes are strengthened, the metabolic processes are normalized | For Giunto - 5-8 minutes for 7 days |
| Local cryotherapy | Under the influence of low temperatures (a flow of cold air at -30 degrees) there is an increase in the functions of all the basic systems, which stimulates the restoration of the fabrics | 10 minutes per joint for 10 days |
Some methods, when an improper appointment, can aggravate the condition of the knee joint.
Surgery
The medical treatment method is aimed at the maximum delay when the only way of therapy is the replacement of the sick articulation with an artificial.Very often, this decision is made in the last phase of arthrosis.
The main surgery methods are:
- Arthroscopy.A special needle is introduced through drilling, which removes bone growth that cause pain, as well as cartilage and fragments.
- Prosthesis.In this case, the damaged joint is removed and replaced by an artificial one.Modern prostheses are rarely rejected by the body.
Operating therapy
A series of arthrosis exercises helps to restore joint function and strengthen it.They should be carried out slowly in order not to extend the ligaments.
Description:
- Lie down on the stomach, slowly lifts the legs alternately to form a right corner.The main emphasis is on the muscles of the hips and the lower part of the leg.Stress in the back should not be allowed.
- Lying on the stomach, lift your legs straight, as far as possible.In this position, reduce them and relieve them alternately.This exercise is not suitable for everyone, since the trained muscles of the press are needed.It is not advisable to perform it to people with hypertension.
- Lying on the side, fold the leg below.Raise the upper part of the leg and focuses for a few seconds in the upper point.
- Go up to the socks, clinging to the back of the chair.Delivened at the top, while the leg muscles efforts.
- Easily move a leg from the heel to the tip.The other foot is to perform the opposite action - from the tip to the heel.
- Rinse the back of the chair and stay on the heels, raising socks, gradually increasing time.
- Standing, rubs the legs vigorously in the direction from the knee to the thigh.
Diet
There is no special diet for arthrosis.The correction of power aims to reduce body weight, reducing the inflammatory process and strengthening of joint structures.
The diet should be balanced, with a high content of vitamins and minerals.
Basic principles:
- Restriction of salt consumption (up to 5-8 g per day) and all savory products (canned food, chips, salt).
- Exclusion of fried dishes.It is recommended to cook food, cook over low heat, cook or steam.
- Increase in fluid consumption (up to 2-2.5 liters of water per day).
- Transition to fractional nutrition.
- Daily use of 2-3 fruits.
It is recommended to use the following dishes:
- fish and seafood;
- walnuts;
- sunflower oil, olive and linen;
- low fat and chicken meat;
- Fresh berries and fruits;
- vegetables - beets, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage;
- wholemeal bread;
- Milk and dairy products -caseari.
Folk methods
Before using all popular remedies, it is recommended to clarify the diagnosis and consult a doctor.The most effective recipes are described in the table:
| Ingredients | Method of application |
| Nettle leaves and juniper berries in an equal quantity, honey in a ratio of 1: 3 |
|
| Roots, flowers or black elderberry branches |
|
| Bay leaf - 10 g, 250 ml of water |
|
| Mustard and dry honey (2 tablespoons), egg |
|
| Cabbage |
|
| Chamomile, calendula, charger in equal quantities, oil jelly |
|
The arthrosis of the knee joint is a serious illness that cannot be completely cared for.If the first symptoms occur, it is recommended to consult a doctor and follow all his recommendations so as not to bring the disorder to the last phase.